Publications
Yi, Jiazi; Clausen, Thomas; Igarashi, Yuichi
Evaluation of Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks: LOADng and RPL Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensors, 2013.
@inproceedings{Clausen2013a,
title = {Evaluation of Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks: LOADng and RPL},
author = {Jiazi Yi and Thomas Clausen and Yuichi Igarashi},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2013-ICWiSE-Evaluation-of-Routing-Protocol-for-Low-Power-and-Lossy-Networks-LOADng-and-RPL.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ICWISE.2013.6728773},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-01},
publisher = {2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensors},
abstract = {Routing protocol is a critical component of Low- power and Lossy Networks for Smart Grid. The protocols are used for data forwarding, which includes data acquisition, information dissemination, etc. This paper evaluates two main routing protocols used for Low-power and Lossy Networks: RPL and LOADng, to understand their strengths and limitations. Observations are provided based on analysis of specification and experimental experience, regarding the protocol’s routing overhead, traffic pattern, resource requirement, fragmentation, etc. Simulations are further launched to study the performance in different traffic patterns, which include sensor-to-sensor traffic, sensor-to-root traffic and root-to-sensor bidirectional traffic. By evaluating those protocols, the readers could have better under- standing of the protocol applicability, and choose the appropriate protocol for desired applications.},
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Clausen, Thomas; de Verdiere, Axel Colin; Yi, Jiazi
Performance analysis of Trickle as a flooding mechanism Proceedings Article
In: IEEE 15th International Conference on Communication Technology, 2013.
@inproceedings{Clausen2013b,
title = {Performance analysis of Trickle as a flooding mechanism},
author = {Thomas Clausen and Axel Colin de Verdiere and Jiazi Yi},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2013-ICCT-Performance-analysis-of-Trickle-as-a-flooding-mechanism.pdf},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCT.2013.6820439},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-11-01},
publisher = {IEEE 15th International Conference on Communication Technology},
abstract = {“The Trickle Algorithm” is conceived as an adaptive mechanism for allowing efficient and reliable information sharing among nodes, communicating across a lossy and shared medium. Its basic principle is, for each node, to monitor transmissions from its neighbours, compare what it receives with its cur- rent state, and schedule future transmissions accordingly: if an inconsistency of information is detected, or if few or no neighbours have transmitted consistent information “recently”, the next transmission is scheduled “soon” – and, in case consistent information from a sufficient number of neighbours is received, the next transmission is scheduled to be “later”. Developed originally as a means of distributing firmware updates among sensor devices, this algorithm has found use also for distribution of routing information in the routing protocol RPL, standardised within the IETF for maintaining a routing topology for low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). Its use is also proposed in a protocol for multicast in LLNs, denoted “Multicast Forwarding Using Trickle”. This paper studies the performance of the Trickle algorithm, as it is used in that multicast protocol.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Herberg, Ulrich; Clausen, Thomas
Study of Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast Traffic Performance in the 'IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks' (RPL) Journal Article
In: Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, ISSN 1868-5137, Volume 2, Number 4, 2011, (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-011-0046-2).
@article{LIX-NET-journal-119,
title = {Study of Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast Traffic Performance in the 'IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks' (RPL)},
author = {Ulrich Herberg and Thomas Clausen},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2011-Journal-of-Ambient-Intelligence-and-Humanized-Computing-Study-of-Multipoint-to-Point-and-Broadcast-Traffic-Performance-in-the-IPv6-Routing-Protocol-for-Low-Power-and-Lossy-Networks-RPL.pdf},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, ISSN 1868-5137, Volume 2, Number 4},
abstract = {Recent trends in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have suggested converging to such being IPv6-based. To this effect, the Internet Engineering Task Force has chartered a Working Group to develop a routing protocol specification, enabling IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. This routing protocol, denoted “IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks” (RPL), has been under development for approximately a year, and this paper takes a critical look at the state of advancement hereof: it provides a brief algorithmic description of the protocol, and discusses areas where—in the authors view—further efforts are required in order for the protocol to become a viable candidate for general use in WSNs. Among these areas is the lack of a proper broadcast mechanism. This paper suggests several such broadcast mechanisms, all aiming at (1) exploiting the existing routing state of RPL, while (2) requiring no additional state maintenance, and studies the performance of RPL and of these suggested mechanisms.},
note = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-011-0046-2},
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pubstate = {published},
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Herberg, Ulrich; Clausen, Thomas
A Comparative Performance Study of the Routing Protocols LOAD and RPL with Bi-Directional Traffic in Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN) Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (PE-WASUN), 2011.
@inproceedings{Clausen2011a,
title = {A Comparative Performance Study of the Routing Protocols LOAD and RPL with Bi-Directional Traffic in Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN)},
author = {Ulrich Herberg and Thomas Clausen},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2011-PE-WASUN-A-Comparative-Performance-Study-of-the-Routing-Protocols-LOAD-and-RPL-with-Bi-Directional-Traffic-in-Low-power-and-Lossy-Networks-LLN.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/2069063.2069076},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-10-01},
publisher = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (PE-WASUN)},
abstract = {Routing protocols for sensor networks are often designed with explicit assumptions, serving to simplify design and re-duce the necessary energy, processing and communications requirements. Different protocols make different assump-tions – and this paper considers those made by the designers of RPL – an IPv6 routing protocol for such networks, de-veloped within the IETF. Specific attention is given to the predominance of bi-directional traffic flows in a large class of sensor networks, and this paper therefore studies the per-formance of RPL for such flows. As a point of comparison, a different protocol, called LOAD, is also studied. LOAD is derived from AODV and supports more general kinds of traffic flows. The results of this investigation reveal that for scenarios where bi-directional traffic flows are predomi-nant, LOAD provides similar data delivery ratios as RPL, while incurring less overhead and being simultaneously less constrained in the types of topologies supported.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Clausen, Thomas; Herberg, Ulrich; Philipp, Matias
A Critical Evaluation of the “IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks” (RPL) Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Computing, Networking & Communication (WiMob), 2011.
@inproceedings{Clausen2011b,
title = {A Critical Evaluation of the “IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks” (RPL)},
author = {Thomas Clausen and Ulrich Herberg and Matias Philipp},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2011-WiMOB-A-Critical-Evaluation-of-the-IPv6-Routing-Protocol-for-Low-Power-and-Lossy-Networks-RPL.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/WiMOB.2011.6085374},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-10-01},
publisher = {Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Computing, Networking & Communication (WiMob)},
abstract = {With RPL – the “IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power Lossy Networks” – emerging as a Proposed Standard “Request For Comment” (RFC) in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) after a ∼2-year development cycle, this paper presents a critical evaluation of the resulting protocol and its applicability and limits. The paper presents a selection of observations of the protocol characteristics, exposes experiences acquired when producing a prototype implementation of RPL, and presents results obtained from testing this protocol – both in a network simulator, and in real-world experiments on a wireless sensor network testbed. The paper aims at providing a better understanding of possible weaknesses and limits of RPL, notably the possible directions that further protocol developments should explore, in order to address these.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Clausen, Thomas; Herberg, Ulrich
Some Considerations on Routing in Particular and Lossy Environments Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 1st Interconnecting Smart Objects with the Internet Workshop, 2011.
@inproceedings{Clausen2011d,
title = {Some Considerations on Routing in Particular and Lossy Environments},
author = {Thomas Clausen and Ulrich Herberg},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2011-IAB-Some-Considerations-on-Routing-In-Particular-and-Lossy-Environments.pdf},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-03-01},
publisher = {Proceedings of the 1st Interconnecting Smart Objects with the Internet Workshop},
abstract = {RPL – the “Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks” (RPL) [1] – is a proposal for an IPv6 routing pro-tocol for Low-power Lossy Networks (LLNs), by the ROLL Working Group in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The basic construct in RPL is a DODAG – a destination oriented directed acyclic graph, rooted in a “controller”. Traffic inside the LLN flows along this DODAG, either up-ward (towards the “controller”) or downward. In RPL, upward routes, having the controller as destination (either by way of explicitly addressing the destination, or by using the controller as “gateway”), are provided by the DODAG construction mechanism: each LLN router selects a set of parents, on a path towards the controller, as well as a preferred parent. Once a router is part of a DODAG (i.e. has selected parents) will emit DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages, using link-local multicasting, indicating its respective rank in the DODAG (i.e. its position – distance according to some metric(s), in the simplest form hop-count – with respect to the root). Routes for any destination inside the LLN, other than the controller, are provided by these destinations generating Destination Advertisement Objects (DAOs).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Levis, Phil; Clausen, Thomas; Hui, Jonatan; Gnawali, Omprakash; Ko, JeongGil
RFC6206: The Trickle Algorithm Miscellaneous
2011, (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6206).
@misc{Levis2011,
title = {RFC6206: The Trickle Algorithm},
author = {Phil Levis and Thomas Clausen and Jonatan Hui and Omprakash Gnawali and JeongGil Ko},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/rfc6206.txt.pdf},
doi = {10.17487/RFC6206},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-03-01},
publisher = {IETF - Std. Track RFC 6206},
organization = {The Internet Engineering Task Force},
abstract = {The Trickle algorithm allows nodes in a lossy shared medium (e.g., low-power and lossy networks) to exchange information in a highly robust, energy efficient, simple, and scalable manner. Dynamically adjusting transmission windows allows Trickle to spread new information on the scale of link-layer transmission times while sending only a few messages per hour when information does not change. A simple suppression mechanism and transmission point selection allow Trickle's communication rate to scale logarithmically with density. This document describes the Trickle algorithm and considerations in its use.},
note = {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6206},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Clausen, Thomas; Herberg, Ulrich
Comparative Study of RPL-Enabled Optimized Broadcast in Wireless Sensor Networks Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), 2010.
@inproceedings{Clausen2010e,
title = {Comparative Study of RPL-Enabled Optimized Broadcast in Wireless Sensor Networks},
author = {Thomas Clausen and Ulrich Herberg},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2010-ISSNIP-Comparative-Study-of-RPL-Enabled-Optimized-Broadcast-in-Wireless-Sensor-Networks.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ISSNIP.2010.5706795},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-12-01},
publisher = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP)},
abstract = {Recent trends have suggested convergence to Wire-less Sensor Networks (WSNs) becoming IPv6-based. To this effect, the Internet Engineering Task Force has chartered a Work-ing Group to develop a routing protocol specification, enabling IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. The current effort of this working group is development of a uni-cast routing protocol denoted RPL. RPL constructs a “DAG-like” logical structure with a single root, at which the majority of the traffic flows terminate, and assumes restrictions on network dynamics and traffic generality, in order to satisfy strict constraints on router state and processing. This paper investigates the possibility for providing (effi-cient) network-wide broadcast mechanisms in WSNs, using the logical structure already provided by RPL. The aim hereof is to not impose any additional state requirements on WSN routers already running RPL. This paper presents two such broadcast mechanisms for RPL routed WSNs, and evaluates their performances. As part of this evaluation, the paper compares with MPR Flooding – an established efficient flooding optimization, widely used in MANETs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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Clausen, Thomas; Herberg, Ulrich
Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast in RPL Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Frontiers in Ubiquitous Computing, Networking and Applications (NeoFUSION 2010), 2010.
@inproceedings{Clausen2010h,
title = {Multipoint-to-Point and Broadcast in RPL},
author = {Thomas Clausen and Ulrich Herberg},
url = {http://www.thomasclausen.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2010-NeoFUSION-Multipoint-to-Point-and-Broadcast-in-RPL.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/NBiS.2010.38},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
publisher = {Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Frontiers in Ubiquitous Computing, Networking and Applications (NeoFUSION 2010)},
abstract = {Recent trends in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have suggested converging to such being IPv6-based. To this effect, the Internet Engineering Task Force has chartered a Working Group to develop a routing protocol specification, enabling IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. This routing protocol, denoted RPL, has been under development for approximately a year, and this paper takes a critical look at the state of advancement hereof: it provides a brief algorithmic description of the protocol, and discusses areas where – in the authors view – further efforts are required in order for the protocol to become a viable candidate for general use in WSNs. Among these areas is the lack of a proper broadcast mechanism. This paper suggests two such broadcast mechanisms, both aiming at (i) exploiting the existing routing state of RPL, while (ii) requiring no additional state maintenance, and studies the performance of RPL and of these suggested mechanisms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}